The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Work Culture on Employee Performance Mediated by Pancasila Discipline Attitude at SMK Angkasa 1 Jakarta

Article Sidebar

pdf
Published: 2025-10-11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.65246/jwsa1r40
Keywords:
Transformational Leadership Style, Work Culture, Employee Performance, Pancasila Discipline Attitude

Main Article Content

Jandris Slamat Tambatua
Master of Management Study Program, IPWIJA University
Besar Agung Martono
Master of Management Study Program, IPWIJA University

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership and work culture on employee performance, with Pancasila disciplinary attitude as a mediating variable at SMK Angkasa 1 Jakarta. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 47 employees through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) via Smart PLS 4. The analysis included validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that transformational leadership and work culture do not directly influence employee performance. However, Pancasila disciplinary attitude positively and significantly affects performance. While transformational leadership does not significantly affect disciplinary attitude, work culture does. Furthermore, work culture indirectly improves employee performance through Pancasila discipline, while transformational leadership does not. These results suggest that strengthening a work culture aligned with Pancasila values—such as mutual cooperation and responsibility—is essential. Managerial recommendations include promoting a supportive culture, implementing fair discipline systems, modeling good behavior, encouraging active participation, and providing ongoing training and communication. This approach can enhance employee responsibility and performance within the school environment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): October 2025

Section

Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Adha, RN, Qomariah, N., & Hafidzi, AH (2019). The influence of work motivation, work environment, work culture on the performance of employees of the Jember Regency Social Service. IPteks Research Journal, 4 (1), 47–62.

Al Faruq, MH, & Supriyanto, S. (2020). Transformational leadership of school principals in improving teacher quality. JDMP (Journal of Educational Management Dynamics), 5 (1), 68–76.

Almasri, MN (2016). Human Resource Management: Implementation in Islamic Education. Kutubkhanah, 19 (2), 133–151.

Ambarwati, A. (2021). Organizational Behavior and Theory. Media Nusa Creative (MNC Publishing).

Arif, M., Maulana, T., & Lesmana, MT (2020). The influence of work discipline and work ability on employee work performance. Jurnal Humaniora: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ekonomi dan Hukum, 4 (1), 106–119.

Asrulla, A., Indriyani, T., & Jeka, F. (2024). Challenges of Human Resource Management in Education in the Era of Society 5.0. Genta Mulia Journal, 15 (1), 161–178.

Aulia, V., & Trianasari. (2021). The Influence of Work Discipline and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Hotels. JMPP, 4 (1).

Ayu, W., & Kustini, K. (2021). Analysis of the Influence of Work Culture and Compensation on Work Discipline. Revitalization: Journal of Management Science, 10 (2), 248–256.

Bass, & Riggio. (2016). Transformational Leadership. Psychology press.

Budiwibowo, S. (2016). The influence of transactional, transformational and work discipline leadership styles on teacher (employee) performance in Madiun City. Premiere Educandum: Journal of Elementary Education and Learning, 4 (02).

Candana, DM, Putra, RB, & Wijaya, RA (2020). The Influence of Motivation and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Work Discipline as an Intervening Variable at PT Batang Hari Barisan. Journal of Information Systems Management Economics, 2 (1), 47–60.

Chania, TI, & Siregar, A. (2021). The Effect of Implementing Sanctions, Commitment and Incentives on Employee Work Discipline at PT. Panca Pilar Tangguh Kisaran. Journal of Management, Economic Science (MES), 3 (1), 1–11.

Darmawan, MW, & Riana, IG (2013). Analysis of Factors Influencing Employee Work Culture. Udayana University.

Dessler, G. (2015). Human resource management. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Dewi, PP, Riyadi, S., & Priyawan, S. (2021). The Influence of Work Motivation, Competence and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable at the Surabaya City Manpower Office. Triangle Scientific Journal of Economics and Business, 2 (1), 115–127.

Directorate General of Teachers and Education Personnel. (2023). Performance Report 2023.

Fazri. (2014). The relationship between transactional leadership style and work discipline among employees of PT. Kembar Abadi Utama in Batu Sopang District, Paser Regency. Ejournal of Psychology, 2 (2), 150–161.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2020). Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications Using SmartPLS 3.0 Program. BP Undip.

Gorda, IGN (2016). Human Resource Management. STIE Satya Dharma.

Greenberg, & Baron. (2018). Behavior in Organizations: Managing the Human Side of Work. Prentice Hall International.

Hafulyon, H., Putra, MD, Shobirin, K., & Elfisra, M. (2021). The Influence of Motivation and Work Culture on Employee Performance at the Cooperatives and Trade Service of Tanah Datar Regency. Journal of Sharia Business Management, 1 (1).

Handoko, TH (2012). Personnel and Human Resource Management. BPFE.

Hasanuddin, H., Surati, S., & Ramly, AT (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Compensation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Bima Regency Bappeda Office, NTB). Journal of Management (Electronic Edition), 11 (2), 253–260.

Hasibuan, SM (2018). The Influence of Leadership, Work Environment and Work Motivation on Performance. Maneggio: Scientific Journal of Master of Management, 1 (1), 71–80.

Hellriegel, & Slocum. (2012). Organizational Behavior. Thompson.

Idris, M. (2024). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Work Culture and Work Discipline on Civil Servant Performance at the Maros Regency Regional Secretariat. Cendekia Akademika Indonesia (CAI), 3 (1), 129–143.

Insani, AN, Suwarsi, SS, & Firdaus, FS (2020). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation on Employee Performance. Management Proceedings, 6 (2), 1127–1133.

Irawan, D., Kusjono, G., & Suprianto, S. (2021). The Influence of Work Discipline and Work Environment on Civil Servant Performance at the Serpong District Office. Student Scientific Journal (JIMAWA), 1 (3).

Istianah, A., Mazid, S., Hakim, S., & Susanti, R. (2021). Integration of Pancasila values to build the character of Pancasila students in the campus environment. Gatranusantara Journal, 19 (1), 62–70.

Istianto. (2011). Government Management in the Perspective of Public Services. Mitra Wacana Media.

Jufrizen, J., & Sitorus, TS (2021). The Influence of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Performance with Work Discipline as an Intervening Variable. National Seminar on Social and Humanities Educational Technology, 1 (1), 844–859.

Juliani, AJ, & Bastian, A. (2021). Character education as an effort to realize Pancasila Students. Proceedings of the National Seminar of the Postgraduate Program, PGRI University of Palembang.

Kurniawati, NR (2023). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style of Madrasah Principals, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on the Performance of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers. JIIP-Scientific Journal of Educational Sciences, 6 (1), 583–595.

Lubaba, MN, & Alfiansyah, I. (2022). Analysis of the application of the Pancasila student profile in character formation of students in elementary schools. Edusaintek: Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 9 (3), 687–706.

Mangkunegara, AP (2013). Human Resource Management. Rosdakarya Youth.

Matindas, AF, & Sumual, TEM (2024). The Importance of Work Culture to Improve Employee Performance Productivity. Proceedings of the National Seminar of the Indonesian Management Forum-e-ISSN 3026-4499, 2, 1743–1748.

Mewahaini, H., & Sidharta, H. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Ethic on Employee Performance at Mayangkara Group Company. Journal of Management and Business Start-Up, 7 (6), 622–630.

Muljani, BD, Alhabsji, T., & Hamid, D. (2012). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Quality of Work Life on Employee Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction (A Study of Educators Led by Female Leaders at Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya). Profit: Journal of Business Administration, 6 (2).

Mulyanto, H., & Wulandari, A. (2019). Research: Methods & Analysis. CV Agung.

Nasution, MI (2018). The Role of Job Satisfaction and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance.

Noverina, N., Susbiyani, A., & Sanosra, A. (2020). The Influence of Workload and Work Culture on Work Discipline and Employee Performance. Journal of Management Science and Indonesian Business, 10 (2), 177–186.

Nugroho, MA, Saryadi, S., & Widiartanto, W. (2016). The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Employee Performance Through Motivation as an Intervening Variable (Case Study on Employees in the Production Division of PT Bandeng Juwana). Journal of Business Administration, 5 (1), 196–205.

Nurbiyati, T. (2014). The influence of quality of work life (QWL) on employee performance with discipline and job satisfaction as intervening variables. Journal of Business Strategy, 18 (2), 246–256.

Nurhuda, A., Sardjono, S., & Purnamasari, W. (2020). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Work Discipline, Work Environment on Motivation and Performance of Employees at Anwar Medika Hospital Jl. Raya Bypass Krian Km. 33 Balongbendo–Sidoarjo. Iqtishadequity Journal of MANAGEMENT, 1 (1).

Oupen, SM, Agung, AAG, & Yudana, IM (2020). The contribution of transformational leadership, organizational culture, work discipline, and work motivation to the organizational commitment of elementary school teachers. Indonesian Journal of Educational Administration, 11 (1), 32–41.

Parinduri, L., Yusmartato, Y., & Hernawati, T. (2017). The effect of discipline and commitment on employee work motivation at the PTPN I Tanjung Seumantoh palm oil factory, Aceh Tamiang. Buletin Utama Teknik, 13 (1), 21–27.

Prahesti, DS, Riana, IG, & Wibawa, IMA (2017). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance with OCB as a Mediating Variable. E-Journal of Economics and Business, Udayana University, 6 (7), 2761–2788.

Pratama, DA, Ginanjar, D., & Solehah, LS (2023). Application of Pancasila Values in Daily Life as Character Education at Mts. Darul Ahkam Sukabumi. Sanskara Education and Teaching, 1 (02), 78–86.

Prawira Jaya, & Adnyani, D. (2015). The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Work Discipline at the Bali Provincial Language Center. E-Journal of Management, Unud , 4 (9), 2702–2721.

Putri, LD, Zulistiano, & Laksono. (2022). Analysis of Work Discipline, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on WFH-Based Employee Performance During the Pandemic at the Nganjuk Regency Land Office. Nusantara PGRI University, Kediri.

Qomar. (2015). New Strategy for Management of Islamic Educational Institutions. Erlangga.

Rifa'i, AA (2020). The Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership and Work Culture on Improving Teacher Performance. Indonesian Journal of Education Management & Administration Review, 4 (1), 159–166.

Rivai, V. (2015). Human Resource Management for Companies. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational behavior. Pearson.

Rohmatiah, A., & Amadi, DN (2019). Analysis of Work Professionalism and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Inspector Leadership as a Moderating Variable at the Inspectorate of Magetan Regency. Proceedings of the National Seminar of Scholars, 1–2.

Rorimpandey. (2013). Transformational, Transactional, Situational, Service and Authentic Leadership Styles on the Performance of Village Employees in Bunaken District, Manado City. EMBA Journal, 1 (4).

Saputra, RC, & Mulyanti, D. (2023). Literature Study: The Influence of Culture on Employee Performance Creativity. Journal of Economics, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2 (2), 124–136.

Sedarmayanti, S., & Haryanto, H. (2017). The influence of work motivation on the performance of educational staff at the Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University. Journal of Administrative Science: Media for the Development of Administrative Science and Practice, 14 (1), 96–112.

Setiadi, MT, & Lutfi, L. (2021). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance Through Work Discipline as an Intervening Variable (Study at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Service of Banten Province). Tirtayasa Journal of Business and Management Research, 5 (2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.48181/jrbmt.v5i2.13189

Sila, IM, Santika, IGN, & Dwindayani, NMA (2023). Improving Students' Disciplinary Attitudes Through Optimizing the Role of PPKn Teachers in Internalizing Pancasila Values. JOCER: Journal of Civic Education Research, 1 (2), 41–48.

Suhardjo, Y. (2013). The Influence of Leadership and Additional Employee Income (TPP) on Employee Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable (Case Study on Sorong Regency Government). Jurnal Stie Semarang (Electronic Edition), 5 (3), 68–92.

Sukartini, S., & Gaol, PL (2022). The Influence of Work Culture on Employee Performance in Pejagalan Village, North Jakarta Administrative City. Journal of Civil Service Resources.

Sulaksono, H. (2015). Organizational culture and performance. Deepublish.

Sutrisno, E., Fatoni, A., & Nawawi, H. (2010). Human Resource Management (HRM). Kencana Prenada Media Group. Jakarta.

Tannady, H., Renwarin, JMJ, Nuryana, A., Mudasetia, M., Nawiyah, N., Mustafa, F., Ilham, I., & Palilingan, RA (2022). The Role of Discipline and Work Stress on Employee Performance in National Oil and Pipe Trading Companies. Journal of Citizenship, 6 (2), 4320–4335.

Thoha, M. (2013). Leadership in Management.