Leadership and Career Development Effects on Personnel Performance: Psychological Capital Mediation in Central Sulawesi Police Directorate
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Leadership and career development are important determinants of personnel performance, particularly in police organizations where effective service delivery depends on competent and psychologically resilient personnel. However, the role of psychological capital in linking leadership and career development to personnel performance requires further empirical examination. This study aimed to analyze the effects of leadership and career development on personnel performance and psychological capital, as well as the mediating role of psychological capital at the Traffic Directorate of the Central Sulawesi Regional Police. A quantitative study was conducted using primary data collected through questionnaires from 90 personnel. The respondents were selected using saturated sampling (census), and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares approach. The results showed that leadership and career development had positive and significant effects on personnel performance and psychological capital. Psychological capital also had a positive and significant effect on personnel performance. Furthermore, psychological capital significantly mediated the effects of leadership and career development on personnel performance. These findings indicate that personnel performance can be strengthened through effective leadership and structured career development, while psychological capital serves as an important mechanism connecting these organizational factors to performance. The study contributes practical insight for police organizations by emphasizing the importance of strengthening personnel’s self-confidence, hope, resilience, and optimism to support effective task performance.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Adda, H. W. (2025). Pemimpin era globalisasi ala Gen Z. Pustaka Pranala.
Adda, H. W., Buntuang, P. C. D., & Daud, S. (2022). Perception of transformational leadership and commitment on employee performance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(1), 3226–3240.
Akkermans, J., Seibert, S., & Mol, S. (2020). Tales of career success: The role of career adaptability in career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103412.
AlZoubi, E., Ayupp, K., & Ahmad, R. (2025). Inclusive leadership and adaptive performance in Jordanian HEIs: Role of psychological capital. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities).
Antonakis, J., & Day, D. V. (2021). The nature of leadership (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Armstrong, M. (2021). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page.
Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2021). Meta-analysis of psychological capital and work-related outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(2), 1–25.
Bai, Y. (2025). Transformation leadership with knowledge sharing and employee career growth: The role of self-efficacy and psychological capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1624245.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2021). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(2), 107–120.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2021). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Free Press.
Cameron, K. S. (2021). Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. J. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dessler, G. (2020). Human resource management. Pearson.
De Vos, A., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Akkermans, J. (2021). Sustainable careers: Towards a conceptual model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103196.
Eva, N., Robin, M., Mulyadi, R., Sendjaya, S., Van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2021). Servant leadership: A systematic review. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(1), 101–109.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2021). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0 (Edisi ke-2). Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Harefa, D., Gulo, A., & Laoli, B. W. (2024). Factors influencing employee performance in modern organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 12(1), 45–60.
Hutauruk, Siregar, & Manullang, M. (2023). Career development and employee performance improvement. Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(2), 55–70.
Jia, G. (2025). Understanding the influence of spiritual leadership on employee performance: An in-depth analysis of psychological capital and personality traits. The Euraseans: Journal on Global Socio-Economic Dynamics, (1), 255–270.
Jubaedi, D., Firmansyah, A., & Sari, D. P. (2024). Career development in dynamic work environments. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(1), 88–102.
Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2021). Job attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 1–27.
Karmina, H., & Aznuriyandi. (2025). Pengembangan karir dimediasi kompetensi terhadap kinerja aparatur sipil negara Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Baseline: Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Manajemen, 2(3).
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Van Buuren, S., Van der Beek, A. J., & De Vet, H. C. W. (2021). Individual work performance measurement. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(1), 1–10.
Kusnadi, K., Ramli, A. H., & Banca, C. A. S. (2025). Psychological capital, authentic leadership, job satisfaction, and job performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(2), 951–964.
Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2021). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press.
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2022). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Remaja Rosdakarya.
McKinsey & Company. (2023). Leadership in the age of disruption. McKinsey Global Institute.
Muin, A. (2023). Buku ajar metode penelitian kuantitatif. Literasi Nusantara Abadi.
Mutonyi, B. R., Fredheim, R., & Slåtten, T. (2025). The role of psychological safety and psychological capital in linking leadership curiosity to employee creative performance. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 2458060.
Newman, A., Ucbasaran, D., Zhu, F., & Hirst, G. (2022). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(3), 1–18.
Noe, R. A. (2020). Employee training and development. McGraw-Hill.
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Novitasari, D., & Young, F. C. (2025). Human-centered leadership in the digital era: Examining the role of psychological capital in managerial coaching outcomes. Indonesian Journal of Management and Economic Research, 2(2), 24–29.
Pratama, A., & Hidayat, R. (2023). Public sector leadership and performance. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 17(1), 1–12.
Priadana, M. S., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pascal Books.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2021). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
Sinambela, L. P., Sembiring, M., & Rahayu, S. (2022). Career planning and human resource development. Jurnal Manajemen SDM, 9(3), 1–18.
Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., & Dries, N. (2021). Career success and psychological capital. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103127.
Sukmawati, S., Prasetyo, A., & Nugroho, R. (2024). Human resource planning and career development. Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), 20–35.
Triansyah, A., Putra, I. G. N. A., & Sari, N. K. (2023). Job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 1–15.
Wang, G., Holmes, R. M., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Leadership and uncertainty management. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(2), 1–12.
Yukl, G. (2020). Leadership in organizations (9th ed.). Pearson.