The Impact of Engagement, Work-Life Balance, and Training on Employee Turnover with Compensation as a Mediator
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The high rate of employee turnover remains one of the critical challenges in human resource management, particularly in maintaining the stability and sustainability of company operations. Internal factors such as employee engagement, work-life balance, and training effectiveness are believed to influence turnover. Conversely, compensation is considered a key factor that may mediate the relationship between these variables and employees’ decisions to remain in or leave the organization. This study aims to analyze the effects of employee engagement, work-life balance, and training effectiveness on employee turnover, with compensation acting as an intervening variable at PT Maju Bersama Trussco. Employing a quantitative approach, the study used a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach via SmartPLS software. The analytical procedures included outer model testing, inner model testing, and hypothesis testing to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables. The findings reveal that employee engagement, work-life balance, and training effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on employee turnover. This suggests that higher levels of engagement, better work-life balance, and more effective training are associated with a greater likelihood of employees leaving the company. Additionally, all three independent variables were found to have a positive and significant effect on compensation. While compensation also positively and significantly affects turnover, it does not function as a mediating variable in the relationships between employee engagement, work-life balance, and training effectiveness with turnover.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abdillah, W., & Hartono, J. (2015). Partial Least Square (PLS): Alternative. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Business Research . Andi.
Amelia, A., Manurung, KA, & Purnomo, MDB (2022). The Role of Human Resource Management in Organizations . 21 .
AON Hewitt. (2017). Trends in Global Employee Engagement : Global Employeee engagement Rebounds to Match Its All-Time High. (Accessed August 9, 2021, https://images.transcontinentalmedia.com/LAF/lacom/Aon_2018_Trends_In_Global_Employee Engagement .pdf)
Apriani, D., & Sinambela, LP (ND). The Influence Of Financial Compensation, Non-Physical Work Environment And Soft Skills On Employee Performance Through Organizational Commitment As An Intervening Variable At Mercu Buana University, Jakarta .
Aslichah (2024). Talent Management Training for Millennial Generation in Startup Company Environment. Communnity Development Journal Vol.5 No. 3 Year 2024, Pages 5321-5326
Aqil, M. (2024). Employeee engagement as an effort to improve employee performance: Literature review . 1 .
Cahyadi, L., & Prastyani, D. (2020). Measuring Work Life Balance, Work Stress and Role Conflict on Job Satisfaction in Working Women . 11 .
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management . Pearson.
Diva, M., & Astuti, AD (2022). Analysis of Human Resource Management in the Practice of Improving the Quality of Education . 1 (2).
Djabar, RA, Rorong, AJ, & Kolondam, H. (ND). Effectiveness of Employee Training Programs at the Manpower and Transmigration Office of North Maluku Province .
Etikan, I., Musa, SA, & Alkassim, RS (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.
Fauzi, A., Wulandari, AS, Cahyani, DR, Nurfitri, N., Deva, R., & Nursafitri, S. (2022). The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Job Stress on Turnover Intention in Employees (Performance Management Literature Review) . 4 (2).
Ghozali, I. (2016). Multivariate Analysis Application with IBM SPSS 23 Program (8th Edition). Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2019). Work–family balance: A review and extension of the literature. Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology , 165-183.
Hair, et al. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R . SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hamid, R. ., & Anwar, S. . (2019). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Based on Variance . PT Indonesia Writer Incubator.
Hassan, N., & Tufail, M. (2021). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employee Retention: A Study of the Pakistani Textile Industry . Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 9(5), 42-55.
Hasanah, H., & Wahyunintyas, DR (ND). The Influence of Training on Turnover Intentions at PT Inti (Persero) .
Hom, P. W., Allen, D. G., & Griffeth, R. W. (2019). Employee turnover and retention. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior , 6, 145-170.
Ibrahim, SM, & Rahayu, M. (ND). The Role of Leadership in Improving Employee Performance at Class IIb Kotaagung Prison .
Indrawan, R. (2014). Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Research Methodology . Refika Aditama.
Innes (2022). The Effect of Work Life Balance on Turnover Intention with Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable (Study on Po Jaya Ponorogo Employees). Edunomika – Vol. 06, No. 01 (2022)
Kalliath, T., & Brough, P. (2018). Achieving Work Life Balance . Journal of Management & Organization , 24(3), 423-440.
Kossek, E.E., Valcour, M., & Lirio, P. (2020). The sustainable work-family interface: A new agenda for policy and research. Academy of Management Review , 45(4), 724-743.
Kumar, V., & Pansari, A. (2018). Engaging employees for customer success: Linking employee engagement to performance outcomes. Journal of Service Research , 21(2), 201-216.
Latte, J. (2023). The Effect of Financial Compensation on Employee Performance of Tirta Kandilo Consumer Cooperative, Paser Regency. Innovative Journal of Business Administration , 5 (2), 13–26. Https://Doi.Org/10.36658/Ijan.5.2.105
Linda Mora, Arif Rahman Hakim, & Marhisar Simatupang. (2022). The Influence of Compensation, Employee Engagement On Turnover Intention With Employee Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable. Psychopedia Journal of Psychology, Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang , 7 (2), 27–36. Https://Doi.Org/10.36805/Psychopedia.V7i2.3424
Malik, A., & P, FT (2022). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT. Balina Agung Perkasa Cileungsi. Journal of Economics and Industry , 23 (3). Https://Doi.Org/10.35137/Jei.V23i3.825
Mankin, D. (2019). The Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approach . Human Resource Management Review, 15(2), 121-134.
Maulana, R., & Yusuf, MA (2024). The Influence of Work Discipline, Teamwork and Compensation on the Performance of Millennial Generation Employees in Plastic Manufacturing Companies. Academic: Humanist Student Journal , 4 (3), 860–870. Https://Doi.Org/10.37481/Jmh.V4i3.986
Muhamad Mardiansyah & Rusdiah. (2022). The Influence of Quality of Work Life and Employeee Engagement Towards Organizational Commitment at Anita Phoneshop Baturaja. Journal of Business Management, Accounting and Finance , 1 (1), 25–38. Https://Doi.Org/10.55927/Jambak.V1i1.367
Mulyatiningsih, E. (2011). Applied Research Methods in Education . Alfabeta.
Mondy, R.W., & Martocchio, J.J. (2019). Human Resource Management . Pearson.
Mora, L., T., & et al. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Employee Engagement on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as Mediator . Journal of Business Psychology, 37(5), 101-115.
Novitasari, IA, & Dessyarti, RS (2022). The Effect of Work Life Balance on Turnover Intention with Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable (Study on Po Jaya Ponorogo Employees). Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika , 6 (1), 405. Https://Doi.Org/10.29040/Jie.V6i1.4350
Nugroho, TA, & Azzahra, FC (2022). Utilization of Instagram as a Social Commerce Promotion Media for Bro.Do Business. Journal of Communication Library , 5 (1), 136–149. Https://Doi.Org/10.32509/Pustakom.V5i1.1883
Nurhabiba, M. (2020). Social Support for Work Life Balance in Employees. Cognicia , 8 (2), 277–295. Https://Doi.Org/10.22219/Cognicia.V8i2.13532
Patrick Patrick, Sri Sundari, & Marisi Pakpahan. (2024). Performance Evaluation Study of Customer Friend Team Members at Bogor City Hospital. Masman: Master Management , 2 (1), 184–190. Https://Doi.Org/10.59603/Masman.V2i1.327
Pella, DA (2020). Superior HR for Advanced Indonesia: Management of job satisfaction and employee engagement. Jakarta: AIDA Infini Maksima.
Pratiwi, MI, & Patrikha, FD (2021). The Influence of Lifestyle, Price and Influencers on Purchasing Decisions at Se'i Sapiku Restaurant, Surabaya . 9 (3).
Putra, RS (2021). Work Life Balance in Female Officials at a University in Indonesia. Ecopreneur.12 , 3 (2), 119. Https://Doi.Org/10.51804/Econ12.V3i2.778
Rahmadani, MG, Puspita, V., & Waliamin, J. (2023). The Effect of Burnout and Work Life Balance on the Performance of Bengkulu Provincial Inspectorate Employees. Journal of Business and Financial Management , 4 (1), 97–107. Https://Doi.Org/10.51805/Jmbk.V4i1.121
Rahmawatin (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Work Life Balance and Career Development on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study on Laboratory Analysts at PT SGS Indonesia). Ekobisman: Journal of Economics, Business Management E-Issn 2597-9302” Volume 9 No. 1 Year 2024
Rifaldi Dwi Syahputra & Nuri Aslami. (2023). George R. Terry's Main Principles of Management. Creative Management Journal , 1 (3), 51–61. Https://Doi.Org/10.55606/Makreju.V1i3.1615
Rizky Gunawan & Aditya Vernando. (2024). Work Life Balance Program Strategy and Authoritative Parenting Patterns in Educating Children. Aliansi: Journal of Law, Education and Social Humanities , 1 (1), 12–22. Https://Doi.Org/10.62383/Aliansi.V1i1.82
Siyoto, Sandu, & Sodik, A. (2015). Basic Research Methodology . PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Sriwahyuningsih, V., & Barseli, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Basic Leadership Training (LDK) for High School Students in Cultivating Leadership Spirit . 6 .
Sucahyowati, H., & Hendrawan, A. (2020). The Influence of Employeee Engagement On Employee Performance at PT Mk Semarang: Hari Sucahyowati*, Andi Hendrawan. Journal of Maritime Transportation Science and Technology , 2 (2), 9–15. Https://Doi.Org/10.51578/J.Sitektransmar.V2i2.21
Sugiyono. (2015). Mixed Methods Research Methods . Alfabeta.
Sugiyono. (2016). Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Research Methods . Alfabeta.
Amelia, A., Manurung, KA, & Purnomo, MDB (2022). The Role of Human Resource Management in Organizations . 21 .
AON Hewitt. (2017). Trends in Global Employee Engagement : Global Employeee engagement Rebounds to Match Its All-Time High. (Accessed August 9, 2021, https://images.transcontinentalmedia.com/LAF/lacom/Aon_2018_Trends_In_Global_Employee Engagement .pdf)
Apriani, D., & Sinambela, LP (ND). The Influence Of Financial Compensation, Non-Physical Work Environment And Soft Skills On Employee Performance Through Organizational Commitment As An Intervening Variable At Mercu Buana University, Jakarta .
Aslichah (2024). Talent Management Training for Millennial Generation in Startup Company Environment. Communnity Development Journal Vol.5 No. 3 Year 2024, Pages 5321-5326
Aqil, M. (2024). Employeee engagement as an effort to improve employee performance: Literature review . 1 .
Cahyadi, L., & Prastyani, D. (2020). Measuring Work Life Balance, Work Stress and Role Conflict on Job Satisfaction in Working Women . 11 .
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management . Pearson.
Diva, M., & Astuti, AD (2022). Analysis of Human Resource Management in the Practice of Improving the Quality of Education . 1 (2).
Djabar, RA, Rorong, AJ, & Kolondam, H. (ND). Effectiveness of Employee Training Programs at the Manpower and Transmigration Office of North Maluku Province .
Etikan, I., Musa, SA, & Alkassim, RS (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.
Fauzi, A., Wulandari, AS, Cahyani, DR, Nurfitri, N., Deva, R., & Nursafitri, S. (2022). The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Job Stress on Turnover Intention in Employees (Performance Management Literature Review) . 4 (2).
Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2019). Work–family balance: A review and extension of the literature. Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology , 165-183.
Hassan, N., & Tufail, M. (2021). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employee Retention: A Study of the Pakistani Textile Industry . Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 9(5), 42-55.
Hasanah, H., & Wahyunintyas, DR (ND). The Influence of Training on Turnover Intentions at PT Inti (Persero) .
Hom, P. W., Allen, D. G., & Griffeth, R. W. (2019). Employee turnover and retention. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior , 6, 145-170.
Ibrahim, SM, & Rahayu, M. (ND). The Role of Leadership in Improving Employee Performance at Class IIb Kotaagung Prison .
Innes (2022). The Effect of Work Life Balance on Turnover Intention with Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable (Study on Po Jaya Ponorogo Employees). Edunomika – Vol. 06, No. 01 (2022)
Kalliath, T., & Brough, P. (2018). Achieving Work Life Balance . Journal of Management & Organization , 24(3), 423-440.
Kossek, E.E., Valcour, M., & Lirio, P. (2020). The sustainable work-family interface: A new agenda for policy and research. Academy of Management Review , 45(4), 724-743.
Kumar, V., & Pansari, A. (2018). Engaging employees for customer success: Linking employee engagement to performance outcomes. Journal of Service Research , 21(2), 201-216.
Latte, J. (2023). The Effect of Financial Compensation on Employee Performance of Tirta Kandilo Consumer Cooperative, Paser Regency. Innovative Journal of Business Administration , 5 (2), 13–26. Https://Doi.Org/10.36658/Ijan.5.2.105
Linda Mora, Arif Rahman Hakim, & Marhisar Simatupang. (2022). The Influence of Compensation, Employee Engagement On Turnover Intention With Employee Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable. Psychopedia Journal of Psychology, Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang , 7 (2), 27–36. Https://Doi.Org/10.36805/Psychopedia.V7i2.3424
Malik, A., & P, FT (2022). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT. Balina Agung Perkasa Cileungsi. Journal of Economics and Industry , 23 (3). Https://Doi.Org/10.35137/Jei.V23i3.825
Mankin, D. (2019). The Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approach . Human Resource Management Review, 15(2), 121-134.
Maulana, R., & Yusuf, MA (2024). The Influence of Work Discipline, Teamwork and Compensation on the Performance of Millennial Generation Employees in Plastic Manufacturing Companies. Academic: Humanist Student Journal , 4 (3), 860–870. Https://Doi.Org/10.37481/Jmh.V4i3.986
Muhamad Mardiansyah & Rusdiah. (2022). The Influence of Quality of Work Life and Employeee Engagement Towards Organizational Commitment at Anita Phoneshop Baturaja. Journal of Business Management, Accounting and Finance , 1 (1), 25–38. Https://Doi.Org/10.55927/Jambak.V1i1.367
Mondy, R.W., & Martocchio, J.J. (2019). Human Resource Management . Pearson.
Mora, L., T., & et al. (2022). The Effect of Compensation, Employee Engagement on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as Mediator . Journal of Business Psychology, 37(5), 101-115.
Novitasari, IA, & Dessyarti, RS (2022). The Effect of Work Life Balance on Turnover Intention with Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable (Study on Po Jaya Ponorogo Employees). Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika , 6 (1), 405. Https://Doi.Org/10.29040/Jie.V6i1.4350
Nugroho, TA, & Azzahra, FC (2022). Utilization of Instagram as a Social Commerce Promotion Media for Bro.Do Business. Journal of Communication Library , 5 (1), 136–149. Https://Doi.Org/10.32509/Pustakom.V5i1.1883
Nurhabiba, M. (2020). Social Support for Work Life Balance in Employees. Cognicia , 8 (2), 277–295. Https://Doi.Org/10.22219/Cognicia.V8i2.13532
Patrick Patrick, Sri Sundari, & Marisi Pakpahan. (2024). Performance Evaluation Study of Customer Friend Team Members at Bogor City Hospital. Masman: Master Management , 2 (1), 184–190. Https://Doi.Org/10.59603/Masman.V2i1.327
Pella, DA (2020). Superior HR for Advanced Indonesia: Management of job satisfaction and employee engagement. Jakarta: AIDA Infini Maksima.
Pratiwi, MI, & Patrikha, FD (2021). The Influence of Lifestyle, Price and Influencers on Purchasing Decisions at Se'i Sapiku Restaurant, Surabaya . 9 (3).
Putra, RS (2021). Work Life Balance in Female Officials at a University in Indonesia. Ecopreneur.12 , 3 (2), 119. Https://Doi.Org/10.51804/Econ12.V3i2.778
Rahmadani, MG, Puspita, V., & Waliamin, J. (2023). The Effect of Burnout and Work Life Balance on the Performance of Bengkulu Provincial Inspectorate Employees. Journal of Business and Financial Management , 4 (1), 97–107. Https://Doi.Org/10.51805/Jmbk.V4i1.121
Rahmawatin (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Work Life Balance and Career Development on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study on Laboratory Analysts at PT SGS Indonesia). Ekobisman: Journal of Economics, Business Management E-Issn 2597-9302” Volume 9 No. 1 Year 2024
Rifaldi Dwi Syahputra & Nuri Aslami. (2023). George R. Terry's Main Principles of Management. Creative Management Journal , 1 (3), 51–61. Https://Doi.Org/10.55606/Makreju.V1i3.1615
Rizky Gunawan & Aditya Vernando. (2024). Work Life Balance Program Strategy and Authoritative Parenting Patterns in Educating Children. Aliansi: Journal of Law, Education and Social Humanities , 1 (1), 12–22. Https://Doi.Org/10.62383/Aliansi.V1i1.82
Sriwahyuningsih, V., & Barseli, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Basic Leadership Training (LDK) for High School Students in Cultivating Leadership Spirit . 6 .
Sucahyowati, H., & Hendrawan, A. (2020). The Influence of Employeee Engagement On Employee Performance at PT Mk Semarang: Hari Sucahyowati*, Andi Hendrawan. Journal of Maritime Transportation Science and Technology , 2 (2), 9–15. Https://Doi.Org/10.51578/J.Sitektransmar.V2i2.21
Sugiyono. (2019). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung: Alphabet.
Sutejo, B., Amin, S., & Yacob, S. (2022). Job Characteristics: Its Influence on Employee Performance with Employee engagement As an Intervening Variable in the Talang Gulo Waste Management Unit of Jambi City. Journal of Information Systems Management Economics , 4 (1), 23–37. Https://Doi.Org/10.31933/Jemsi.V4i1.1147
Susanti (2023). The Influence of Marketing Training Effectiveness and Relational Competence on Marketing Personnel Performance Through Financial Compensation. Mars Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2023; pp. 72 – 83 E-Issn: 2777-130x
Tambunan. (2020). The Influence of Employeee Engagement, Quality of Work Life and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention (Case Study on Employees of PT. Gelael Signature Supermarket in Megamall Manado) .
Utami, LGV (2021). The Influence of Communication, Intrinsic Motivation, and Financial Compensation on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Padma in Denpasar. Warmadewa Management And Business Journal (Wmbj) , 3 (2), 100–109. Https://Doi.Org/10.22225/Wmbj.3.2.2021.100-109
Wijayanto (2022). The Influence of Work Life Balance on Employee Engagement And Its Impact on Turn-Over Intentions with Job Characteristics as a Moderator (A Study on Generation Y Employees in Indonesia). Journal of Economics, Education and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 10. No. 1, Year 2022