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Author Guidelines

1. General Manuscript Requirements

Manuscripts submitted to this journal must represent original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration elsewhere. The manuscript must demonstrate strong academic rigor, theoretical contribution, methodological clarity, and relevance to current scientific discourse.

All submissions must be written in clear, formal, and academic English and follow the formatting standards outlined below. Authors are strongly encouraged to use reference management software such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote.

2. Manuscript Structure and Formatting

2.1 Title

  • Written in English, Garamond, 16 pt, bold, maximum 16 words
  • Must be concise, specific, and informative
  • Should clearly reflect:
    • Main variables or phenomena
    • Context (if relevant: location, sector, or sample)
  • Avoid:
    • Abbreviations
    • Jargon
    • Phrases such as “A Study of”, “An Analysis of”

2.2 Authors and Affiliation

  • Full names without abbreviation (Garamond, 10 pt, bold)
  • Institutional affiliation (Garamond, 8 pt, normal)
  • Email addresses (Garamond, 8 pt, italic or normal)

2.3 Abstract and Keywords

  • Written in English, single paragraph (150–250 words)
  • Must include:
    1. Background and research gap
    2. Objective
    3. Methodology (design, sample, analysis technique)
    4. Main findings (include key statistical/qualitative results)
    5. Contribution and implications
  • Use:
    • Past tense (methods & findings)
    • Present tense (general statements & implications)
  • Avoid:
    • Citations
    • Undefined abbreviations
    • Excessive jargon

Keywords:

  • 3–5 phrases
  • Avoid repetition from title

2.4 Introduction (15–20% of manuscript)

The introduction must:

  • Present global and local context
  • Identify research gap
  • Formulate clear research problem
  • State research objectives/questions explicitly
  • Highlight theoretical and practical contributions
  • Emphasize novelty of the study

Requirements:

  • 900–1000 words
  • ≥80% references from recent journals (last 5 years)
  • Preferably Scopus/ISI indexed

3. Literature Review (20–25%)

3.1 Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations

  • Explain key theories
  • Show logical relationships between variables
  • Combine classic theories + recent empirical support

3.2 Review of Empirical Studies

  • Critical comparison of prior studies
  • Identify:
    • Patterns
    • Contradictions
    • Limitations

3.3 Research Gap Identification

  • Clearly justify why this study is needed
  • Based on recent high-quality literature

3.4 Conceptual Framework

  • Present relationships between variables
  • Include diagram (Figure)

3.5 Hypotheses / Propositions

  • Clearly stated and testable
  • Strong theoretical and empirical justification

4. Research Methods (±15%)

Must ensure replicability, rigor, and transparency

Components:

  1. Research Design (quantitative, qualitative, mixed)
  2. Research Context & Setting
  3. Population and Sample
  4. Data Sources & Collection Methods
  5. Measurement of Variables
  6. Data Analysis Techniques (e.g., regression, SEM, thematic analysis)
  7. Validity & Reliability / Trustworthiness
  8. Ethical Considerations
  9. Research Procedure
  10. Methodological Limitations

Emphasis:

  • Alignment between objectives, methods, and analysis
  • Use of validated instruments from reputable journals

5. Results and Discussion (40%)

5.1 Results (Objective Reporting)

Must include:

  • Sample characteristics
  • Descriptive statistics
  • Data quality tests (if applicable)
  • Main analysis results
  • Hypothesis testing
  • Tables/figures (clearly labeled)

No interpretation in this section

5.2 Discussion (Critical Analysis)

Must include:

  • Interpretation of findings
  • Comparison with previous studies
  • Theoretical contributions
  • Practical & policy implications
  • Addressing research gap
  • Study limitations (interpretative)

6. Conclusion (5–10%)

Must include:

  1. Summary of key findings
  2. Theoretical contributions
  3. Practical implications
  4. Limitations
  5. Future research directions

Avoid:

  • Repetition
  • New data or analysis

7. References

  • Use APA 7th Edition
  • Minimum:
    • 80% journal articles
    • Preferably Scopus/ISI indexed
    • Mostly from last 5 years
  • Use reference manager (Mendeley, Zotero, etc.)

8. Manuscript Writing Checklist (Scopus Standard)

Title

✔ Clear, concise, ≤16 words
✔ Includes variables/context
✔ No jargon

Abstract

✔ 150–250 words
✔ Includes background → objective → method → results → contribution
✔ No citations

Introduction

✔ Clear gap & problem
✔ Strong references (recent journals)
✔ Explicit objectives

Literature Review

✔ Theoretical + empirical integration
✔ Gap justification
✔ Hypothesis development

Methodology

✔ Clear design & sampling
✔ Valid & reliable instruments
✔ Ethical compliance

Results

✔ Objective reporting
✔ Tables/figures included

Discussion

✔ Interpretation
✔ Comparison with literature
✔ Contribution & implications

Conclusion

✔ Summary + implications
✔ Future research

References

✔ APA 7th
✔ ≥80% journal articles
✔ Recent & reputable

9. Ethical and Publication Standards

  • Manuscript must be free from plagiarism (max similarity ≤15%)
  • Must not be under review elsewhere
  • Authors must disclose:
    • Conflicts of interest
    • Funding sources
  • Research involving humans must include ethical approval

10. Additional Notes (Scopus Readiness)

To meet international indexing standards:

  • Ensure novelty and contribution
  • Use international references
  • Apply robust methodology (SEM, panel data, etc.)
  • Write in high-quality academic English
  • Follow IMRaD structure consistently
 

Submission Preparation Checklist

Submission Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to confirm that their submission complies with the following requirements. Submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines may be returned to the authors.

Please ensure that:

  1. Originality
    The manuscript is original, has not been previously published, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
  2. File Format
    The submission file is in an acceptable format (e.g., DOC/DOCX) and follows the journal’s template and formatting guidelines.
  3. Manuscript Structure
    The manuscript includes all required components: title, abstract, keywords, main text, references, and, where applicable, tables and figures.
  4. Language Quality
    The manuscript is written in clear and grammatically correct English.
  5. References
    All references are properly cited in the text and listed in the reference section according to the journal’s citation style.
  6. Ethical Standards
    The study complies with ethical standards, and necessary approvals (e.g., ethical clearance) have been obtained where required.
  7. Plagiarism Check
    The manuscript has been checked for plagiarism and meets the journal’s similarity threshold.
  8. Author Information
    All author details are complete and correctly entered, and all authors have approved the submission.
  9. Copyright Agreement
    The authors agree to the terms outlined in the journal’s Copyright Notice.
  10. Supplementary Documents
    All required supplementary files (e.g., cover letter, ethical documents, datasets) have been uploaded.

Articles

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Copyright Notice

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Copyright Ownership and Licensing
    Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. The published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
  2. Author Rights and Self-Archiving
    Authors have the right to archive the submitted, accepted, and published versions of their articles in institutional repositories, personal websites, or other platforms, with clear acknowledgment of the initial publication in this journal.
  3. Originality and Ethical Compliance
    Authors confirm that the submitted manuscript is original, has not been previously published, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors also agree to comply with the journal’s ethical standards, including proper citation practices and avoidance of plagiarism.
  4. Third-Party Material
    Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to use any copyrighted materials (e.g., figures, tables, images) included in their manuscript and must provide appropriate credit where required.
  5. Author Warranties
    Authors warrant that their work does not infringe upon any existing copyright, intellectual property rights, or other legal rights of third parties.
  6. Indexing and Dissemination
    Authors acknowledge that their published work may be indexed, archived, and disseminated through various databases, indexing services, and digital platforms to enhance visibility and citation impact.

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