Agrarian Conflict Dynamics and Their Implications for Natural Resource Governance in Indonesia

Abstract

Agrarian conflict remains a critical challenge in natural resource governance in Indonesia, particularly due to overlapping land ownership, unequal control over natural resources, and weak legal certainty. These conditions create persistent challenges for achieving effective, sustainable, and equitable natural resource governance. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of agrarian conflict and its impacts on natural resource governance in Indonesia. The study employed a normative juridical approach by examining relevant legislation, legal theories, and scientific literature concerning agrarian conflict, natural resource governance, and social and environmental impacts. The analysis was conducted through a qualitative examination of legal norms and relevant scholarly literature to identify patterns of conflict and their implications for natural resource management. The findings showed that agrarian conflicts significantly contributed to social instability, environmental degradation, and disruptions to the effectiveness of natural resource governance. The analysis also indicated that overlapping land claims, unequal resource control, and inadequate legal certainty were key factors sustaining agrarian conflicts. The study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between agrarian conflict and natural resource governance from a legal perspective. Strengthening regulations, implementing justice-oriented conflict resolution mechanisms, and increasing meaningful community participation are essential for promoting natural resource governance that is sustainable, equitable, and responsive to affected communities.